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IX Congreso - ALAP 2020 Resumo: 10145-1

10145-1

A Multidimensional Perspective of Job Quality: Race and gender differentials in Brazil, 2005-2015

Autores:
Ana Maria Hermeto Camilo de Oliveira , Lucas Diógenes Pitombeira , Sibelle Cornélio Diniz da Costa
1 Spain - European Doctoral School of Demography , 2 Brasil - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias

Resumo:

Wage is one of the most utilized indicators of social upward mobility, as it is the main source of income for the majority of the population. However, in recent decades, changes in the global labor market are resulting in job positions with higher levels of precariousness - and lower job quality. A cornerstone to job quality is the accumulation of vulnerabilities in the labor market. This paper investigates gender and race gaps regarding the overlap of low-quality jobs characteristics and explicitly considering the multidimensionality of this indicator. With almost half of the Brazilian workforce allocated in informal jobs, Brazil is very likely to have general work conditions worsened due to the unfold of such process. However, between 2005 and 2015, diverse public policies were implemented aiming to improve the quality of employment – e.g. real increases on minimum wage and formality to domestic workers. Data come from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of the Brazilian Census Bureaus (IBGE) for 2005 and 2015. An index of superposition of dimensions for job quality in Brazil is constructed and is modeled by an ordered probit model with sample selection correction. Results show that historically vulnerable groups - women and black - are over-represented in the multidimensional analysis of job quality. These two demographics groups combined, black women, have the lowest change in inequality on most of the aspects analyzed. Women show a lower labor market participation than men and have lower quality jobs, whereas blacks have the same level of labor market participation as whites, but nevertheless are more vulnerable in the labor market. Over time, despite the improvement amongst non-vulnerable individuals and the reduced levels of accumulation of low-quality jobs dimensions, the structural aspects of gender and race differentials at labor market persist.

Palavras-chave:
 Job Quality, Race and Gender Differentials, Multidimensional